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[Monday 04|16|07 at 03:15P] The government can harness land, labor, and capital to serve the economic objectives of the state. Consumer demand can be restrained in favor of greater capital investment for economic development in a desired pattern. The state can begin building a heavy industry at once in an underdeveloped economy without waiting years for capital to accumulate through the expansion of light industry, and without reliance on external financing A planned economy can maximize the continuous utilization of all available resources. This means that planned economies do not suffer from a business cycle. Under a planned economy, neither unemployment nor idle production facilities should exist beyond minimal levels, and the economy should develop in a stable manner, unimpeded by inflation or recession A planned economy can serve social rather than individual ends: under such a system, rewards, whether wages or perquisites, are to be distributed according to the social value of the service performed. A planned economy eliminates the dependence of production on individual profit motives, which may not in themselves provide for all society's needs Command or 'planned' economies were common in the mid-20th Century Command economies have a distinct social advantage over free market economies because, with the state having control of the flow of money, income can be distributed in a more equal manner so that a class system does not develop – all people are effectively equal. On top of this, the government of a command economy can determine which goods are produced within its boundaries, and thus it can prevent the production of socially undesirable goods. However, this invariably leads to a large black market developing within the economy. 1 | add note | remember | edit

English Vocabulary [Tuesday 05|30|06 at 01:23P] ( R ) ( S ) ( T ) ( U ) ( V ) ( W ) ( Z ) add note | remember | edit

English Vocabulary [Tuesday 05|30|06 at 01:03P] ( A ) ( B ) ( C ) ( D ) ( E ) ( F ) ( G ) ( H ) ( I ) ( J ) ( K ) ( L ) ( M ) ( N ) ( O ) ( P ) ( Q ) add note | remember | edit

BIOLOGY notes: Unit 5 Lesson 3 [Friday 05|26|06 at 10:14A] ( Human Impact on Biodiversity ) biodiversity euthanized pollutants ( Read more... ) Fossil Fuels developed nations developing nations pollution nonrenewable energy sources Renewable Energy Sources Geothermal energy Hydropower hydroelectric power ( Effects of Pollution in the Atmosphere ) troposphere stratosphere trace gases ( ♠Greenhouse Effect ) flatulence ( ♠Acid Rain ) pH scale ( ♠Smog ) hemoglobin Thermal inversion ( ♠Ozone Shield Depletion ) ( Water Pollution ) eutropication biological magnification biodegradable ( Desertification ) ( Deforestation ) slash-and-burn ( Destabilization and Extinction ) Pollution Hunting and Fishing Habitat Destruction secondary extinction Species Introduction Negative Consequences Native Populations ( Promotional Claims ) Advances in Technology Organically Grown Food Hydroponic Tomatoes Genetic Engineering ( Focus On Conservation--Biology ) Recycle add note | remember | edit

BIOLOGY notes: Unit 5 Lesson 2 [Tuesday 05|23|06 at 12:13A] ( Introduction to Population Dynamics ) Population dynamics niches ( Relationships Between Organisms ) habitat Predation Competition Competitive exclusion competitive release Symbiotic Relationships Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism Scavenging ( Food Chains and Food Webs ) gross primary productivity primary consumers secondary consumers tertiary consumers grazer food chain decomposer food chain ( Ecological Pyramids ) net primary productivity Energy Pyramid Decomposers Pyramid of Biomass and Numbers ( Community Structure ) ecotones closed community Open communities ( Population Stability and Diversity ) species diversity latitudinal diversity gradient hectare depth diversity gradient geographic range outlaying zones ecological time geological time ( Diversity ) Madagascar periwinkle monoculture ( Geographical Isolation and Speciation ) ( Genetic Drift ) ( Succession ) Pioneer communities succession communities climax community Primary succession Secondary succession ( Patterns of Population Dynamics ) intrinsic rate of increase age structure Population Controls carrying capacity Law of the Minimum density-independent regulators density-dependent regulators Population Decline Local extinction Species extinction minimum viable population ( Focus On Secondary Extinction ) add note | remember | edit

BIOLOGY notes: Unit 4 Lesson 3 [Monday 05|22|06 at 08:57A] ( Introduction to Mammals ) ossicles diphyodonty milk teeth dentary thoracic corpus callosum placenta Monotremes Marsupials Eutherians ( Mammary Glands ) ( Hair ) vibrissae ( Illustration of the middle ear bones ) malleus (hammer) incus (anvil) stapes (stirrup) ( Monotremes ) cloaca cervical vertebrae thoracic vertebrae femur epipubic bones ( Marsupials ) marsupium uterus gestation period lactation vaginae pseudovaginal canal scrotum ( Placental Mammals ) eutherians umbilical cord ungulates hibernate clades ( Focus on the Cetacea ) Odontoceti Mysticeti echolocation baleen add note | remember | edit

BIOLOGY self check: Unit 5 [Wednesday 05|17|06 at 11:04A] ( Biomes ) ( Ocean Biomes ) ( Popular Dynamics ) ( Patterns of popualar dynamics ) ( Earths Atmosphere ) ( Destabilization and Extinction ) add note | remember | edit

BIOLOGY notes: Unit 5 Lesson 1 [Wednesday 05|17|06 at 08:50A] ( Introduction to Ecology ) ecological pyramid biotic abiotic solar energy producers consumers tropics trade winds prevailing winds westerlies leeward side rain-shadow effect ( Terrestrial Biomes ) ( Tundra ) alpine tundra ( Taiga ) ( Temperate Forests ) deciduous trees ( Tropical Rain Forest ) laterite canopy epiphytes ectothermic Bromeliad ( Grasslands ) Tall-grass Mixed-grass Short-grass ( Savanna ) ( Chaparral ) ( Desert ) nocturnal ( Aquatic Biomes ) aquifers ( Littoral Zone and Limnetic Zone ) nekton zooplankton ( Profundal Zone ) benthos turnover epilimnion hypolimnion ( Freshwater Biomes: Streams and Rivers ) headwaters mouth ( Freshwater Biomes: Wetlands ) wetlands hydrophytes ( Marine Biomes ) euphotic zone Intertidal zone Pelagic zone Benthic zone Abyssal zone ( Intertidal Zone ) ( Pelagic Zone ) Neritic sub-zone Epipelagic sub-zone Mesopelagic sub-zone Bathypelagic sub-zone ( Benthic Zone ) continental shelf continental slope ( Abyssal Zone ) rifts ( Coral Reefs ) ( Estuaries ) ( Focus On Estuaries ) add note | remember | edit

BIOLOGY notes: Unit 4 lesson 2 [Friday 05|12|06 at 02:10P] ( Introduction to Reptiles and Birds ) Dinosaurs Birds ( Introduction to Reptiles ) keratin Strong skeleton Amniotic eggs chorion amnion allantois yolk sac Internal fertilization Leg shift bipedalism Systemic Sophistication Amniota Squamata Crocodilia Chelonia ( Squamata (Lizards and snakes) ) hemipenes oviparous constrictors ( Crocodilia (Crocodiles and alligators) ) archosaurian secondary palate ( Chelonia (Turtles and tortoises) ) carapace plastron cloaca omnivores clutch ( Introduction to Birds ) Archaeopteryx lithographica monophyletic lineage Feathers Contour feathers Flight feathers Down feathers endothermic Flight Bird Skeleton Altricial Precocial visual acuity talons pecking order syrinx Mouth and Jaw palaeognath neognath ( Parts of eggs ) Oviparous Ovoviviparous Viviparous ( Focus on Dinosaur/Bird Connection ) Archaeopteryx avian add note | remember | edit

BIOLOGY self check: Unit 4 [Thursday 05|11|06 at 12:06A] ( Fishes ) ( Amphibians ) ( Reptiles ) ( Birds ) ( Mammals ) ( Mammals ) add note | remember | edit

BIOLOGY notes: Unit 4 Lesson 1 [Wednesday 05|10|06 at 10:25P] ( Introduction to Phylum Chordata  ) Subphyla Tunicata and Cephalochordata (tunicates and lancelets) craniata skull vertebrae molt musculoskeletal system agnatha gnathostomata ( Introduction to Phylum Chordata  ) ( Jawless Fishes ) pectoral fins pelvic fins axons neurons myelin Hagfish Lampreys Exotic Species ( Cartilaginous Fishes ) dorsal fin scales cartilaginous fishes isotonic hypertonic ( Bony Fishes ) Osteichthyes homologous swim bladder tetrapods ( Introduction to Amphibians ) torpor Frogs and Toads urostyle amplexus ( Focus on the Coelacanth ) Old Fourlegs intercranial joint add note | remember | edit

BIOLOGY notes: Unit 3 Lesson 3 [Thursday 05|04|06 at 12:10P] ( Introduction to Arthropods ) Chelicerata Crustacea Uniramia General Characteristics of Arthropods protostomes tagmata compound eyes striated metamorphosis ecdysis Adaptive Advantages Simple eyes book lungs tracheae ( Chelicerata (Spiders, Scorpions, Ticks, Mites, and Horseshoe Crabs) ) cephalothorax mandibles maxillae Merostomata (Horseshoe Crabs) telson book gills Pycnogonida (Sea spiders) ovigers gonopores Arachnida (Spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites) arachnids spinnerets nocturnal pectines Crustacea (Lobsters, shrimp, crabs, crayfish, and barnacles) nauplius Branchiopoda (Brine shrimp) Maxillopoda (Barnacles) Malacostraca (Lobsters, Shrimp, Crabs, and Crayfish) Uniramia (Centipedes, Millipedes, and Insects) Chilopoda Diplopoda Insecta Chilopoda (Centipedes) diplosegments molt Insecta (Insects) ( Introduction to Echinoderms (Starfish, Sea Urchins, Sand Dollars, and Sea Cucumbers) ) protostomes Crinoidea (Sea lilies) Echinoidea (Sea urchins and sand dollars) madreporite ampulla ( Focus on Silk Worms ) Bombyz Mori add note | remember | edit

BIOLOGY notes: Unit 3 Lesson 2 [Wednesday 05|03|06 at 10:01A] ( Introduction to Annelids ) Polychaeta (marine worms) Oligochaeta (earthworms) Hirudinea (leeches) metameres setae regenerate trochophores ( Polychaeta (Marine Worms) ) polychaetes operculum parapodia ( Oligochaeta (Earthworms) ) aortic arches crop gizzard clitellum ( Hirudinea (Leeches) ) septa annuli proboscis anticoagulant ( Read more... ) Bivalvia Gastropoda Cephalopoda visceral mass mantle pericardium hemolymph hemocoel ctenidia radula veliger larva ( Bivalvia (Clams, mussels, oysters, and scallops) ) bivalves umbo ligaments adductor muscles inhalant siphon exhalant siphon glochidia ( Gastropoda (Snails and slugs) ) gastropods torsion detorsion cerata pheromone spermatophores ( Cephalopoda (Octopuses, squids, cuttlefish, and nautiluses) ) cephalopods siphuncle pen localization of function chromatophores ( Focus on Zebra Mussel  ) add note | remember | edit

BIOLOGY self check: Unit 3 [Thursday 04|27|06 at 01:36P] ( Invertibrates sea creatures ) ( Read more... ) ( Annelids ) ( Mollusks ) ( Arthropods ) ( Echinoderms ) add note | remember | edit

BIOLOGY notes: Unit 3 Lesson 1 [Thursday 04|27|06 at 11:01A] ( Introduction to Animals ) tube-within-a-tube saclike body endoderm mesoderm ectoderm Zygote Blastula Gastrula blastopore Asymmetrical Radially symmetrical Bilaterally symmetrical coelom Acoelomate Pseudocoelomate coelomates Metazoa ( Introduction to Invertebrates ) porifera ( Porifera (Sponges) ) ostia spicules amebocyte spongin choanocytes osculum mesohyl Asconoid Syconoid Leuconoid ( Cnidaria (Sea Anemones, Corals, Jellyfish, and Hydrozoans) ) cnidocytes nematocyst polyp sessile medusa nerve net planula gonads Sea Anemones and Coral Anthozoa exoskeletons Jellyfish Scyphozoa bell photoreceptors statocyst tetramerous Hydrozoans Hydra vacuoles Hydroids Portuguese man-of-war pneumatophore dactylozooids gastrozooids gonozooids ( Ctenophora (Comb Jellies) ) colloblasts ( Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) ) cephalized nervous system anterior osmosis hermaphroditic Turbellaria(planaria) Trematoda(flukes) Cestoda(Tapeworms) chemoreceptors pharynx flame cells ocelli endoparasites proglottids scolex tegument ( Nematoda (Roundworms) ) oviducts cuticle copulatory elephantiasis ( Focus on Heartworm ) Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae dirofilaria lesions add note | remember | edit

Biology notes: Unit 2 Lesson 3 [Tuesday 04|25|06 at 01:13P] ( Introduction to Seed Plants ) Gymnosperms Angiosperms Prefixes suffixes ( Gymnosperms ) conifers Gymnosperm Life Cycle microspores ovules megaspores pollen grains megaspores Pollination fertilization ovary germinates cycads ginkgos gnetophytes ( Angiosperms  ) double fertilization perfect flowers imperfect flowers complete flowers incomplete flowers Sepals calyx Petals corolla Stamen anthers filaments Pistil stigma style basal ovary ( Angiosperms -- Fruit  ) exocarp mesocarp endocarp Fleshy Fruits Berry True berries Hesperidium Pepo Drupe Pome Dry Fruits Dehiscent indehiscent Life Cycle of a Flowering Plant Monocots and Dicots cotyledons herbaceous ( Secondary Growth ) primary growth vascular cambium Wood Periderm cork cambium cork bark ( Form Follows Function ) Guard Cells Cork Cells Root Hairs Human Muscle Cells Human Bone Cells ( Read more... ) Desert Plants Water Plants Climbing Plants epiphytes Salt Tolerant Plants Carnivorous Plants ( Focus on Angiosperms' Aids in Reproduction ) nectar add note | remember | edit

BIOLOGY notes: Unit 2 Lesson 2 [Thursday 04|20|06 at 10:58A] ( Introduction to Plants ) bryophytes nonvascular plants Tracheophyta ( Photosynthesis ) chlorophyll ( Bryophytes ) rhizoids Gametophyte Stage (1n) Life cycle of a bryophyte Sporophyte Stage (2n) embryo seta ( Introduction to Vascular Plants ) xylem Phloem cuticle stomates ( Seedless Vascular Plants ) Ferns fronds sori prothallium Club Mosses Horsetails Whisk Fern synangium ( Focus on the Coal Forests ) peat fossil fuels 1 | add note | remember | edit

BIOLOGY self check Unit 2 [Tuesday 04|18|06 at 02:06P] ( making bread-yeast ) ( Fungi ) ( Fungi ) ( Plants ) ( Seedless Vascular Plants ) ( Gymnosperms and Angiosperms ) ( making bread-yeast ) add note | remember | edit

BIOLOGY notes: Unit 2 Lesson 1 [Monday 04|17|06 at 10:20A] ( Introduction to Fungi ) fungi-plant table ( Fungi Structure and Reproduction ) multinucleate hyphae mycelium nonmotile chitin conjugation dikaryon cell ( Fungi Energy Resources ) ( Zygomycota ) zygote fungi zygospore reproduction gametangia ( Ascomycota ) sac fungi anaerobic fermentation yeast ascus conidiophores conidia morel mushrooms ( Basidiomycota ) club fungi basidia ( Deuteromycota ) fungi imperfecti ( Mycorrhizae ) vascular plants endomycorrhizae ectomycorrhizae ( Lichens ) ( Focus on Penicillin ) add note | remember | edit

BIOLOGY notes: Unit 1 Lesson 3 [Tuesday 04|11|06 at 08:41A] ( Introduction to Protists ) Protoctista aqueous unicellular protozoa algae heterotrophs autotrophs slime molds water molds ( Animallike Protists ) Mastigophora flagellates pseudopods Trypanosoma kinetoplast Trichonympha xylophagus Sarcodina Amoeba proteus phagocytosis locules Ciliophora Macronucleus Micronucleus Paramecium cytopyge cytostome oral groove trichocysts gullet conjugation Sporozoa Apicomplexa Plasmodium malaria ( Plantlike Protists ) phytoplankton algae table Chlorophyta Chrysophta Dinoflagellata red tides Perdinium Phaeophyta mucilage holdfasts stipe Rhodophyta Euglenophyta ( Funguslike Protists ) slime molds water molds Acrasiomycota Myxomycota Chytridiomycota Oomycota ( Focus on Seaweed as a Human Food Source ) Nori Wakame Kombu add note | remember | edit

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